陶器中的螺旋纹——兼论文明起源的标志
黎显慧
远古时代,螺旋纹伴随风崇拜风靡全世界。和岩画一样,陶纹也是先民表达宗教信仰的重要方式。陶器不易保存,特别是潮湿多雨的地区,能流传下来的极少。下面通过一组图片,继续螺旋纹探寻之旅。
彩陶碗,美国新墨西哥州明布雷斯出土,北亚利桑那州博物馆。[8]
种子罐,查科峡谷普韦布洛出土,新墨西哥州,美国。[10]
彩陶罐,复制品,图森,亚利桑那州,美国。[11]
彩陶罐,卡马雷斯出土,克里特岛,希腊伊拉克利翁考古博物馆。[19]
煎锅,陶器,基克拉迪文化,雅典国家考古博物馆。[22]
大洋洲相关资料比较匮乏,不过,在毛利人的传统工艺中,螺旋纹得到传承和发扬。
以上资料表明,陶器和岩画一样,是远古先民传播螺旋纹的重要工具。世界流行螺旋纹,这是一个不可忽视的文化现象。远古时代是信仰时代,能够使世人折服的唯有风崇拜。风无形,具有神秘感。风无所不在,具有极大的包容性。风无所不能,创造世界,创造人类。风威力无比,堪称世界之王。汉语中的“追风”、“跟风”等词揭示了先民追风的历程。伴随追风,风崇拜以及风崇拜的重要符号传遍了全世界。
文明产生于文字之前,符号才是文明诞生的重要标志。
文化考古不同于史学考古,美洲现存的岩画和陶器大多年代偏晚,大洋洲也是如此,但从东亚先民迁移到美洲和大洋洲的年代以及文化上的共同点可以推测,文明在离开东亚前便已产生。换句话说,东亚是世界文明的摇篮,世界文明史至少可以追溯到一万多年前。
[1] 2013年9月浙江行之二十三--浙江省博物馆《越地长歌-浙江历史文化陈列》(一) - 杭州游记 - 老陈八六的游记
Yododo 游多多,http://www.yododo.com/blog/0143080D194B00E6FF80808143077A9E。
[2] 原创——大汶口史前陶器_小河与步步生莲_新浪博客,
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_b366e4b00102wn0e.html。
[3] 中国红山文化的博客,http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_517848220100dcr0.html。
[4] 德辅博物馆,红山文化,牛河梁,王冬力,http://www.cydfbwg.com/Selectionsxy.asp?/920.html。
[5] 甘肃省博物馆彩陶展中篇 - 兰州游记 - 老陈八六的游记
Yododo 游多多,
http://www.yododo.com/blog/014075DA87DC0636402881D34075D8DD。
[6] 甘肃省博物馆,Copyright©2013,
http://www.gansumuseum.com/vm_bwg/wzxx.aspx?_wzid=d084affe-6794-4ad7-a04a-c330d7b99ebd。
[7] A
jar with spirals. Final Jomon, Kamegaoka style.Jōmon period – Wikipedia,By PHGCOM,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period.
[8] Mimbres Boldface (Style 1) bowl from the
Museum of Northern Arizona collections. Style 1 (Boldface) | American Southwest
Virtual Museum,© 2017 Arizona Board of Regents,
http://swvirtualmuseum.nau.edu/wp/index.php/artifacts/pottery/mimbres-ware/style-1-boldface/.
[9] Hohokam, Sacaton red on buff
wide-shouldered jar, c. 900-1100,StudyDroid,FlashCard,
http://www.studydroid.com/printerFriendlyViewPack.php?packId=589028.
[10] Pueblo-Pot,Pueblo seed jar from Chaco Canyon in New Mexico,©Penn Museum 2017
,https://www.penn.museum/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Pueblo-Pot.jpg.
[11] Replica Middle Gila Buff Ware Sacaton jar,© 2017 Archaeology
Southwest
Formerly the Center for Desert Archaeology,
Formerly the Center for Desert Archaeology,
https://www.archaeologysouthwest.org/2017/01/31/teaching-archaeology/.
[12] Vessel,Terra-cotta ,Egypt, c. 4500 BCE - 3100 BCE,Egyptian Predynastic
Period ,© Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts at
Stanford University. All rights reserved.
http://cantorcollections.stanford.edu/Obj23419?sid=4958&x=265951.
[13] A Pre-dynastic Egyptian Grave Pot. c. 3500 BC. The spiral decoration is widespread and a significant symbol, ©2000 Victor Bryant,http://www.ceramicstudies.me.uk/frame1tu1.html.
[14] Egyptian pot with spiral motif,clay Archives -
Ceramics and Pottery Arts and Resources,© 2017 Ceramics and Pottery Arts and
Resources. All rights reserved. Theme by Geek with Laptop,
https://www.veniceclayartists.com/tag/clay/.
[15] attractive red painted potteryBan Chiang
(UNESCO),(Ban Chiang Pottery), Laotian,©2017 NAKARA VILLA UDON. All rights reserved
| Vacation Rental Website Templates by ,https://www.nakaravillaudon.com/en/542352/ban-chiang-unesco.
[16] Ban Chiang Clay Jar, Ban Chiang,
north-eastern Thailand, 1st millennium B.C.E. © Trustees of the British Museum,https://smarthistory.org/ban-chiang-clay-jar/.
[17] 2015年6月雅典行之十九--国家考古博物馆史前文物展(三) - 雅典游记 - 老陈八六的游记
Yododo 游多多,http://www.yododo.com/blog/0150A674D6BC00B4FF80808150A5DC4D。
[18] pottery,
circles and spirals.The Cucuteni-Trypillians,Romania, Ukraine and the
Republic of Moldova. 7,000 years ago, Neolithic optical art flourished -
Technology & science - Science - DiscoveryNews.com NBC News,©2017 NBCNews.com,
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26839697/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/years-ago-neolithic-optical-art-flourished/.
[19] Kamares 2,Еще один сосуд с растительным орнаментом,
http://mar-amirchanyan.livejournal.com/471348.html?page=1.
[20] Kamàres,Brocca in stile Kamàres, 1800 a.C. circa,Ceramica dipinta,
altezza cm. 26. Hiràklion, Museo Archeologico,http://www.lagiostra.biz/book/export/html/650.
[21] Art Etrusque, amphore decor incise,Art Etrusque,
http://colleges.ac-rouen.fr/cahingt/pedagogie/index.php?article222/art-etrusque.
[22]老陈八六的游记 » 2015年6月雅典行之二十--国家考古博物馆史前文物展(四),
http://www.yododo.com/blog/0150ABA036540121FF80808150AB02C6。
[23] 2015年6月雅典行之十九--国家考古博物馆史前文物展(三) - 雅典游记 - 老陈八六的游记
Yododo 游多多,http://www.yododo.com/blog/0150A674D6BC00B4FF80808150A5DC4D。
[24] LARGE Chambri / Aibom Pottery Jar - Papua
New Guinea (Ex. 1970's Col.),Brian Page Antiques,
https://www.trocadero.com/directory/Vintage-Arts/Regional-Art/Oceanic?&start=18&l=18&view=pict.
[25] The
Crown Lynn Collection — Luke Adams Pottery,
https://portageceramicstrust.org.nz/collections/.